Establishment of Ottoman Empire



Orkhan Ghazi Sultan Orkhan Ghazi was born in 1288 and died in 1360, the second ruler of the Ottoman dynasty founded by his father 'Uthman I. Sultan and Khan Ghazi succeeded in increasing control of the Ottoman Empire The Ottoman expansion in the Balkans, and several cities, including Bursa, Nikia, and Nicomedia, were conquered.


Murad I Sultan Murad I is the third of the sultans of the Ottoman Empire, and he is the son of Orkhan.



Yazid I was born Sultan Bayezid I in 1360 AD and died in 1403 AD. He is the Sultan who ruled between 1389-1402 AD, and he was the first to establish a central Ottoman state based on traditional Turkish and Islamic institutions. At the beginning of his rule, he was able to launch campaigns Successful managed to take control of the vast Balkan lands.


Mehmed the First, Sultan Mehmed I managed to unify the Ottoman lands under his rule, with the help of the Byzantine Emperor Manuel II, and he was also able to make the area of   Falaq (Valacia) dependent on him. In Albania, and he carried out military raids towards Hungary (Hungary), in addition to the fact that he re-established Ottoman control over most of the western provinces in Anatolia.




Pray for the Ottomans and their first home

Ottomans are Turks, ethnically-yellow or Mongol, whose race includes Mongols, Chinese and others from East Asia. The Turks first settled in East Asia, in the Altai Mountains in the east and in the valleys between the Caspian Sea in the west. When the Mongols under Genghis Khan captured Khurasan. The early political life of this tribe is shrouded in mystery, and it is closer to myth than fact, but what is known about it is its stability in the region from time to time.



For a long time, and this is evidenced by the numerous stones and tombs belonging to the ancestors of the Bani Uthman. And from the available information it is known that this tribe left the area of ​​Maqsat under the pressure of the military events that took place in this area around 1229, as a result of which wars infuriated Sultan Jalaluddin-Khwarizmi and the river Tigris. Landed in the basin of.



And in the "Kunduz Alp" in the year following the displacement of his clan to the Tigris basin, then the clan was headed by his son Suleiman, then his grandson, "Ertugrul", who traveled with his clan to the city of Erzanjan, and was the scene of fighting between the Seljuks and the Khwarizmians, so he joined the service of Sultan Alaeddin Sultan of Konya, one of the Seljuk Emirates Which was established after the dissolution of the great Seljuk state, and supported him in his wars against the Khwarazmians, so the Seljuk Sultan rewarded him by cutting off his clan some of the fertile lands near the city of Ankara. Artgrel remained an ally of the Seljuks until the Seljuk Sultan cut him off a region in the far northwest of Anatolia on the Byzantine borders, in the area known as “Skud” around the city of Eskişehir, where the clan began a new life there alongside the Turkmen principalities that preceded them to the region.


Artgrel rose to prominence with the Sultan after he proved his loyalty to the Seljuks, and his clan showed high combat competence in every battle and was always found at the forefront of the armies and victory was at the hands of its sons, so the Sultan rewarded him by removing him the title of "Uj Baki", meaning the governor of the frontiers, in recognition of his greatness. However, Erturul had far-reaching political ambitions, so he was not satisfied with this region that was cut off by the Seljuk Sultan, nor with the title that he won, nor with the task of guarding and preserving the borders. Rather, he began attacking in the name of the Sultan the properties of the Byzantines in Anatolia, so he seized the city of Eski Shahr and annexed it to his possessions, and was able to expand his lands during the half-century he spent as a prince in a border province, and he died in 1281 AD at the age of ninety years, after he was given another great title. He is an "invader", in recognition of his conquests and conquests